CHAPTER XXXVIII THE FALL OF JAROSLAV A T the Battle of Lemberg — about September i, -*■ ^ the Austrian centre facing east and standing in the midst of the Austrian Province of Gallcia was routed. Two days later the right, holding the line from the Carpathians to the upper reaches of the Dniester River, was driven in and the strong for- tress of Halicz taken. Meantime the Austrian left, striking north toward Lublin and attempting to post- pone a Russian advance into Germany, had won preliminary successes. But the defeat of the right and centre left it in a precarious position. Attempt- ing to escape, the Austrians were soundly beaten at Rawaruska and at Tomaszov. These battles com- pleted the defeat of the main Austrian field army; in a general way they may be described as parts of the great Battle of Lemberg, since they are portions of a single general operation. Having been defeated on all wings, it became a vital necessity for the Austrians not merely to re- treat, but In retreating to concentrate. Precisely as the Germans after the Battle of the Marne went north until they stood solidly on the line of the Aisne, the Austrians had to seek a defensive battle ground. 313