The End of the First Phase 241 available for sending supplies and reenforcemcnts since the Allies held the seas. In fact, the German offensive in the second month had fallen to the level of a siege, and it was the in- vaders who were being besieged. Again and again they were striking out, with unfaltering courage and determination endeavoring to break the circle of steel always closing about them. But, despite small gains, they had made no substantial progress. The ground they had occupied they held, their lines of communication remained intact. But this was the limit of their advantage after three weeks of effort, after losses which far exceeded those from Liege to the Battle of the Marne. Meantime the situation in the East had gravely changed. Austrian defeat at Lemberg had been followed by rout at Tomazov', at Rawaruska. Jaroslav had fallen. Przemysl was isolated and in- vested. Cossacks had crowned the Carpathians and flowed over into the Hungarian Plain. A consider- able offensive toward the Niemen from East Prus- sia was being beaten down. From the Baltic to the Carpathians the Russian battle line was at last in motion, Its left flank on the Carpathians near Cra- cow, its right once more moving into East Prussia, its centre drawing toward Posen and Breslau, still on Russian soil, but no longer far from the Silesian and Posen frontier posts. Two months, too, the Czar had been allowed to bring up his millions; in