Poland Resurgent 93 many, Bulgaria, have established their places upon the map after wars which have made the history of the Nineteenth Century. Alone of the races the Poles, divided between three great Powers, the subjects of Prussia, Russia and Austria, have failed to achieve even a partial risorgi- mento, although of all races they have most ardently and loyally preserved the memory of former solidar- ity and cherished the dream of future reintegration. To them now the Czar, with all the solemnity and publicity of an irrefragible oath, promised the right to speak their language, pursue the natural evolution of their own race, if, in this great European crisis, they gave to him and his nation the loyalty which might assure him victory. And this sacred promise did not apply merely to the 12,000,000 people who live in that restricted dis- trict, no larger than New York State, which bears the name of Russian Poland and contains the former cap- ital of Warsaw. Reading the rescript there was no mistaking the fact that it is equally instinct with hope for the 5,000,000 Poles subjects of a Hapsburg and the 3,000,000 Poles who owned reluctant submis- sion to a Hohenzollern. In a word, the rescript of the Czar pointed inevitably toward new and mo- mentous changes in the map of Europe if victory should come to the cause he had championed in this great conflict. It was not by accident that the Czar in his appeal referred to the Battle of Gruenwald. On that field