23 July: Difference between revisions

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==1914==
==1914==
===Events preceding British Declaration of War===
===Events preceding British Declaration of War===
*Presentation of Austrian Ultimatum to [[Serbia]] at [[Belgrade]] at 6 p.m., demanding answer within 48 hours.<ref>Austrian Note demanded formal declaration from Serbian Government condemning anti-Austrian [[propaganda]] and promising rigorous punishment of all officials and officers participating in it; the suppression of all societies and propaganda directed again [[Austria-Hungary]] and the elimination of all teachers and methods of education tending to produce anti-Austrian feeling; the dismissal of all officers and officials reported to be connected with such propaganda, evidence to be furnished by Austria; Austrian representatives to assist [[Serbia]] in repressing the anti-Austrian movement and to take part in the judicial proceedings (on Serbian territory) against all persons connected with the Sarajevo tragedy. The Serbian reply to be made by 6 o'clock on [[25 July|July 25]].</ref> Publication in Vienna shortly afterwards. [[Bethmann-Hollweg]] writes circular to German Ambassadors saying "action and demands of [[Austria-Hungary]] fully justified".<ref>Moment of presentation well-chosen: following absent from their posts: Serbian Prime Minister (Pashich), Kaiser (Norway), Franz Josef (Ischl), Poincare and Viviani (Russia), Shebeko (Russian Ambassador in Vienna), Goschen (British Ambassador in Berlin)</ref>
*Presentation of Austrian Ultimatum to [[Serbia]] at [[Belgrade]] at 6 p.m., demanding answer within 48 hours.<ref>Austrian Note demanded formal declaration from Serbian Government condemning anti-Austrian [[propaganda]] and promising rigorous punishment of all officials and officers participating in it; the suppression of all societies and propaganda directed again [[Austria-Hungary]] and the elimination of all teachers and methods of education tending to produce anti-Austrian feeling; the dismissal of all officers and officials reported to be connected with such propaganda, evidence to be furnished by [[Austria]]; Austrian representatives to assist [[Serbia]] in repressing the anti-Austrian movement and to take part in the judicial proceedings (on Serbian territory) against all persons connected with the Sarajevo tragedy. The Serbian reply to be made by 6 o'clock on [[25 July|July 25]].</ref> Publication in Vienna shortly afterwards. [[Bethmann-Hollweg]] writes circular to German Ambassadors saying "action and demands of [[Austria-Hungary]] fully justified".<ref>Moment of presentation well-chosen: following absent from their posts: Serbian Prime Minister (Pashich), Kaiser (Norway), Franz Josef (Ischl), Poincare and Viviani (Russia), Shebeko (Russian Ambassador in Vienna), Goschen (British Ambassador in Berlin)</ref>
*German officers' leave stopped.
*German officers' leave stopped.

==1915==
*{{EF}} - Fortresses of Rojan and [[Pultusk]] stormed and river [[Narev (river)|Narev]] crossed by Germans.
**&nbsp;Russians overtaken and defeated near [[Shavli]] (Courland).
*{{SF}} - Italians advance along Luznica Ridge (Julian). [[Innsbruck]] bombed.
*{{AE}} - Italian garrisons massacred in revolt of Senussites in [[Tripoli]], German and Turkish officers in command.
*{{NO}} - Austrian warships [[bombard]] Ortona and the Tremiti Islands ([[Adriatic]]).
**&nbsp;Third American Note to [[Germany]] ''re'': {{RMS|Lusitania}} published.<ref>The Note, in acknowledging the German Note, dated [[8 July]], rejects its proposal that certain designated vessels should be immune from attack. It reiterates the immutable principle of the right of neutrals to go unharmed, and intimates that any act in contravention of these rights will be regarded as deliberately unfriendly.</ref>


==References/notes==
==References/notes==

Revision as of 21:52, 10 June 2018

July

Lonsdale Battalion events that took place on 23 July.
For events that took place elsewhere, see 23 July on The Great War wiki.

1914

Events preceding British Declaration of War

  • Presentation of Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia at Belgrade at 6 p.m., demanding answer within 48 hours.[1] Publication in Vienna shortly afterwards. Bethmann-Hollweg writes circular to German Ambassadors saying "action and demands of Austria-Hungary fully justified".[2]
  • German officers' leave stopped.

1915

References/notes

Lord Edward Gleichen (1918–1920). Chronology of the War. Volumes I, II & III. Constable & Company, London. (Copyright expired)

  1. Austrian Note demanded formal declaration from Serbian Government condemning anti-Austrian propaganda and promising rigorous punishment of all officials and officers participating in it; the suppression of all societies and propaganda directed again Austria-Hungary and the elimination of all teachers and methods of education tending to produce anti-Austrian feeling; the dismissal of all officers and officials reported to be connected with such propaganda, evidence to be furnished by Austria; Austrian representatives to assist Serbia in repressing the anti-Austrian movement and to take part in the judicial proceedings (on Serbian territory) against all persons connected with the Sarajevo tragedy. The Serbian reply to be made by 6 o'clock on July 25.
  2. Moment of presentation well-chosen: following absent from their posts: Serbian Prime Minister (Pashich), Kaiser (Norway), Franz Josef (Ischl), Poincare and Viviani (Russia), Shebeko (Russian Ambassador in Vienna), Goschen (British Ambassador in Berlin)
  3. The Note, in acknowledging the German Note, dated 8 July, rejects its proposal that certain designated vessels should be immune from attack. It reiterates the immutable principle of the right of neutrals to go unharmed, and intimates that any act in contravention of these rights will be regarded as deliberately unfriendly.
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