1 July: Difference between revisions

Template:EF Germans (Mackensen) occupy Zamosc (near Upper Bug). Germans (Linsingen) cross Gnila Lipa south of Rohatyn (Galicia). Russians evacuate bridgehead near Tarlov (Vistula).
Template:NO Leyland liner Armenia torpedoed off Cornish coast. Otavi (south-west Africa) occupied by General Botha. HMS Lightning damaged by mine or torpedo.
Template:PO British Commission on trade with Sweden arrives Stockholm. Total German casualties to date, reckoned at 1,700,000, of which 306,000 killed, and 500,000 permanently disabled.

1916

Template:WF Great Franco-British offensive begins on 25-mile front north and south of Somme. British capture Montauban and Mametz; break through towards Bapaume. French attack towards Peronne; reach outskirts of Hardecourt and Curlu; take Dompierre, Becquincourt, Bussus, and Fay. 5,000 prisoners taken.
Template:EF River Pruth Russians advance north-west of Kolomea. Austro-Germans progress north-west of Tarnopol.
Template:SF Vigorous Italian attacks continued north of upper Isonzo.
Ae – In Persia the Turks defeat Russians; pursue them to Kermanshah.

1917

Template:WF Violent bombardment, followed by German attacks in Cerny-Ailles sector (northern Aisne); enemy losses heavy. Successful French counter-attack north-west of Verdun.
Template:EF Russian offensive, under General Brusilov, opens on 50-mile front, on either side of Brzezany (Galicia); three lines of trenches and 12,000 prisoners taken. To the south stubborn fighting, heavy Russian losses.
Template:SF Austrians very active in the Trentino. Attacks repulsed by Italians.
Template:PO Announcement in Holland of assurance by Lord Derby that Britain will not strike at Germany through Holland if she remains neutral. Young Chinese Emperor, Hsuan Tung, restored.

1918

Template:WF French capture St. Pierre Aigle (village north-west of Forest of Villers-Cotterets). Americans capture Vaux (west of Château-Thierry). British air raids on Mannheim, Coblenz, Thionville and Trèves.
Template:SF Italians gain positions in north-west of Monte Grappa.
Template:NO U.S. transport "Corrington" torpedoed and sunk, 6 lost. Five British aeroplanes bomb Austrian base at Cattaro. Portuguese East Africa: Germans under Lettow-Vorbeck fight British and Portuguese at Nhamacurra (26 miles north of Quilimane).
Template:PO Appointment of five M.P.'s to investigate Alien question and to advise action to be taken. Publication of Mr. Lloyd George's reply to deputation of Federalists.^[1] Serious explosion at shell factory in Midlands, 100 killed, 150 injured.

References/notes

Lord Edward Gleichen (1918–1920). Chronology of the War. Volumes I, II & III. Constable & Company, London. (Copyright expired)

↑ Mr. Lloyd George replied to Federalist Deputation that Federalism was a rational solution to the Home Rule problem. No Change possible during war without general assent. This not yet given.

[1] Mr. Lloyd George replied to Federalist Deputation that Federalism was a rational solution to the Home Rule problem. No Change possible during war without general assent. This not yet given.

[1]

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 <noinclude>{{Calendar|July}}{{Date-introtext}}</noinclude>__NOTOC__
+==1915==
-<noinclude>[[File:Lt-Col Machell, Blackhall.jpg|thumb|right|270px|[[Percy Wilfred Machell|Lt-Col. P.W. Machell]], Commanding Officer 1914-1916, at [[Blackhall Racecourse]]]]</noinclude>
+*{{EF}} Germans (Mackensen) occupy Zamosc (near Upper Bug). Germans (Linsingen) cross Gnila Lipa south of Rohatyn (Galicia). Russians evacuate bridgehead near Tarlov (Vistula).
+*{{NO}} Leyland liner ''Armenia'' torpedoed off Cornish coast. Otavi (south-west Africa) occupied by General Botha. HMS ''Lightning'' damaged by mine or torpedo.
+*{{PO}} British Commission on trade with Sweden arrives Stockholm. Total German casualties to date, reckoned at 1,700,000, of which 306,000 killed, and 500,000 permanently disabled.
 ==1916==
+*{{WF}} '''Great Franco-British offensive begins on 25-mile front north and south of Somme'''. British capture Montauban and Mametz; break through towards Bapaume. French attack towards Peronne; reach outskirts of Hardecourt and Curlu; take Dompierre, Becquincourt, Bussus, and Fay. 5,000 prisoners taken.
-*At 8am the Lonsdales are in relatively good spirits and begin to advance (30 minutes after [[Zero hour]]) from their assembly trenches in [[Authuille Wood]].<ref name="wdjuly16">[[11th Battalion War Diary, July 1916]]</ref>
+*{{EF}} River Pruth Russians advance north-west of Kolomea. Austro-Germans progress north-west of Tarnopol.
-*At 8:30am (60 minutes after Zero hour) [[Percy Wilfred Machell|Lt-Col. Machell]] gives the final order to advance towards the British front line.<ref name="wdjuly16" />
+*{{SF}} Vigorous Italian attacks continued north of upper Isonzo.
-*The adjoining 8th Division to the south opposite Ovillers fails to take the German strong-point known as the 'Nord-Werk'.<ref>From this position, and although relatively distant from their mark, the German soldier’s line of sight from the Nord-Werk was clear across the Lonsdales path.</ref> This proves fatal to the Battalion.
+*{{AE}} In Persia the Turks defeat Russians; pursue them to Kermanshah.
-*Moving out in formation, German [[enfilade]] fire from the Nord-Werk hits the Battalion with a devastating force, killing and wounding hundreds of men before they reach their own front line.
-*Lt-Col. Machell survives the first lethal [[machine-gun]] fire, then is killed as he climbs the parapet to advance his remaining men.
-:"Col. Machell, gallantly leading his men, was shot dead almost immediately after leaving the forward [[trench]].; his [[adjutant]], [[Lieutenant]] Gordon, was severely wounded, as he stooped over his body; Major Diggle, the second in command, was already wounded." <ref name="wylly84">{{Wylly|84}}</ref>
-*The Lonsdales advance across [[No Man's Land]] without a higher ranking officer to lead them.
-:"On leaving their trenches in the wood, even before arriving at the front British trench, the battalion came under terrific machine-gun fire—the shell fire was practically negligible while such musketry as came in it’s direction was too high. There was no question of flinching; the companies, men dropping every moment, moved steadily on, and, on leaving the advanced British trench, pushed on straight to their front for a time and then, as had been ordered, wheeled eastward. The attacking line, supported by the Lonsdales, was having a hard fight to try and reach the German trenches, but few were able to go so far since the enemy machine guns were taking a terrible toll, moving down the men in scores and causing very heavy losses." <ref name="wylly84" />
-*The Battalion suffers 24 officers and 490 [[other ranks]] either killed, missing or wounded.
-*An Appreciation of Lt-Col. Colonel Machell:
-:{{quote-left}}The writer (who served under him in that unit of the new army which he so emphatically made a battalion, and one so fine and competent as any that we have) seeks a passing thought from newspaper readers for the life an work and most gallant death on the morning of Saturday, [[1 July|July 1st]], of [[Percy Wilfred Machell|Lt-Col. P.W. Machell]], D,S,O, C.M.G.
-:The words have already been recorded of at least one wounded soldier who saw Colonel Machell fall shot through the head whilst springing forward with a company of his battalion into one of the most murderous concentrations of crossfire ever seen in this war. He went forward at ????? another stage than he might otherwise have done, because, he, with one of his companies, saw how the triple barrage of machine gun fire was mowing down the lines of their comrades in front. To all present his gallant death was precisely what each day of his life as a commanding officer had been to them, precisely what all of his life had been to everyone who was privileged to know this unfailing strong man – a vividly compelling inspiration to duty, an undeniable stimulus to effort.
-:His distinguished and honourable record of service in Egypt and England may be traced in the usual works of reference. But over and above all these official facts he was a man who from his youth to his last brave breath never ceased to serve. He knew no other way of life, and no man ever found him idle. Travelling in Canada, working in London or on his family estate in Westmorland, this man served England, and the Empire, all the time just as surely as when at the head of his own Soudanese battalion, in the Government offices of Egypt, or in the training of his splendid “[[Lonsdale Battalion|Lonsdales]].”
-:It was the Machell stamp which he placed on every member of that brave band of Border men that has won them honours wherever they have been in England or in France. He asked no more of any man than he himself gave, always every particle of energy and devotion of which he possessed. Vital, real, devoted, tireless, a mortal hater of any kind of sham, a martinet by logical conviction and principle, an aristocratic democrat and an English gentleman without reproach, Colonel Machell was possessed of very exceptional creative and constructive abilities and quite extraordinary character and will. These things he gave utterly and always to his country. He lived and died in the most vigorous service of his country, and it is to be sincerely hoped that no losses or any other causes whatever ill be allowed to lead to the disintegration of the battalion which he raised to such a magnificent standard of efficiency. He gave a tradition, along with their fine training to the Border Battalion that bears the name of Lonsdale, and that, together with the brave spirit of their dead colonel, should be preserved to them for ever.{{quote-right}} <ref>''[[An Appreciation of Lt-Col. Colonel Machell]]'' &ndash; [[Workington Star and Harrington Guardian]]. Published [[14 July]] 1916.</ref>
-===The following Lonsdale men died this day in 1916===
-{{Lonsdale Casualties 1 July 1916}}
 ==1917==
+*{{WF}} Violent bombardment, followed by German attacks in Cerny-Ailles sector (northern Aisne); enemy losses heavy. Successful French counter-attack north-west of Verdun.
-*Battalion in occupation of the 'C' Sub-sector of Nieuport-Lombardzyde Sector. Two companies hold the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lines. 2 Companies in support.<ref name="wdjuly17">[[11th Battalion War Diary, July 1917]]</ref>
+*{{EF}} '''Russian offensive, under General Brusilov, opens''' on 50-mile front, on either side of Brzezany (Galicia); three lines of trenches and 12,000 prisoners taken.  To the south stubborn fighting, heavy Russian losses.
-*Day is moderately quiet. Pont Pastre and Nose Lane are shelled and damaged during morning. Enemy is inactive except for shelling.<ref name="wdjuly17" />
+*{{SF}} Austrians very active in the Trentino.  Attacks repulsed by Italians.
+*{{PO}} Announcement in Holland of assurance by Lord Derby that Britain will not strike at Germany through Holland if she remains neutral. Young Chinese Emperor, Hsuan Tung, restored.
 ==1918==
+*{{WF}} French capture St. Pierre Aigle (village north-west of Forest of Villers-Cotterets). Americans capture Vaux (west of Château-Thierry). British air raids on Mannheim, Coblenz, Thionville and Trèves.
-*Battalion training continues with 1st Battalion 130th Infantry Regiment (USA) at Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher.<ref name="wdjuly18">[[11th Battalion War Diary, July 1918]]</ref>
+*{{SF}} Italians gain positions in north-west of Monte Grappa.
+*{{NO}} U.S. transport "Corrington" torpedoed and sunk, 6 lost. Five British aeroplanes bomb Austrian base at Cattaro. Portuguese East Africa: Germans under Lettow-Vorbeck fight British and Portuguese at Nhamacurra (26 miles north of Quilimane).
+*{{PO}} Appointment of five M.P.'s to investigate Alien question and to advise action to be taken. Publication of Mr. [[Lloyd George]]'s reply to deputation of Federalists.<ref>Mr. [[Lloyd George]] replied to Federalist Deputation that Federalism was a rational solution to the Home Rule problem. No Change possible during war without general assent. This not yet given.</ref> Serious explosion at shell factory in Midlands, 100 killed, 150 injured.
-==References / notes==
+==References/notes==
+{{Gleichen-123}}
-<small>{{lowther copyright}}</small>
 {{reflist}}
-<!--{{refs-lowther}}-->
 <noinclude>
 [[Category:Events by day|183]]